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Медицина виживання та перша допомога

Медицина виживання та перша допомога

Логістика медичного забезпечення та зберігання ліків.

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Цей вміст призначений лише для освітніх цілей. Завжди консультуйтеся з лікарем.

Survival first_aid kit

Why a Medicine Stockpile Matters

In a prolonged crisis — natural disaster infrastructure collapse or extended off-grid living — access to a pharmacy or emergency room may be delayed by days or even weeks. Having the right medications on hand can be the difference between managing a situation calmly and a life-threatening emergency.

This guide is structured into Prescription Medications (which require a doctor's authorisation) and Over-the-Counter (OTC) medications. Both sections are split by Adult and Pediatric (<12 years) dosing. Use the Medicine Planner calculator to track exact quantities per person.

Розрахуйте свій запас ліків

Використовуйте планувальник ліків, щоб ввести рецепти для кожного члена родини та автоматично розрахувати кількість доз.

Відкрити планувальник ліків

Prescription Medications (Rx)

Require doctor authorisation — discuss in a preparedness context

Adult Stockpile — reference per person/day
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate (Augmentin)875/125 mg tablet · 2 tablets/day
High Priority

Broad-spectrum antibiotic — covers bacterial infections dental abscesses respiratory skin and ear infections. More effective against resistant bacteria than plain Amoxicillin. Take with food to reduce GI upset.

Ciprofloxacin500 mg tablet · 2 tablets/day for 3–14 days
Situational

Reserved for severe gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections. Also effective for anthrax exposure prophylaxis. Do not use as a first choice — reserve for confirmed serious infections.

Doxycycline100 mg tablet · 2 tablets/day
High Priority

Covers respiratory infections (atypical pneumonia Legionella) vector-borne diseases (Lyme Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Malaria prophylaxis). Take with food and plenty of water. Avoid sun exposure.

Prednisolone5–25 mg tablet · 1–2 tablets/day
Situational

Corticosteroid for severe asthma attacks and serious allergic reactions when epinephrine is not available or insufficient. Short course only (3–5 days). Do not stop abruptly after prolonged use.

Tramadol50 mg tablet · Up to 4 tablets/day
Last Resort

Opioid-type analgesic for severe pain management (fractures post-surgical severe injury) when OTC options are insufficient. Risk of dependence — strict rationing protocol. Not suitable for children.

Pediatric Stockpile — under 12 years (weight-based dosing)
Amoxicillin / Clavulanate (Augmentin)45–90 mg/kg/day · Split into 2 doses per day
Must-Have

Weight-based dosing is critical for children. Use the lower range (45 mg/kg) for mild–moderate infections and the upper range (90 mg/kg) for severe or resistant cases. Available as oral suspension.

Ondansetron (Zofran)2–8 mg (weight-based — see Table B) · Every 8 hours
High Priority

Anti-nausea/vomiting medication. Critical for children with gastroenteritis to allow fluid rehydration. Wait 15–30 minutes after giving Ondansetron before attempting fluids. Available as dissolvable tablet.

Prednisolone (Dispersible Tablets)1–2 mg/kg/day · For 3–5 days
Situational

Used for severe asthma in children and serious allergic reactions. Dispersible/soluble form preferred for young children. Calculate carefully by exact weight.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications

Available without prescription — your first line of response

Adult Stockpile — reference per person/day
Ibuprofen 400 mg400 mg tablet · 3–4 tablets/day with food
Must-Have

Anti-inflammatory pain and fever. Particularly effective for injuries muscle pain and higher fevers. Apply the Rule of Three: stock 3× what you expect to need. Avoid with stomach ulcers kidney issues or in 3rd trimester pregnancy.

⚠ Rule of Three applies — triple your estimate

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) 500 mg500–1000 mg · 3–4 tablets/day (max 4g/day)
Must-Have

First-line for pain and fever. Safe for most adults including those with GI issues or during pregnancy. Do not exceed 4g/day — severe liver risk. Stacks well with Ibuprofen when alternated.

Loperamide (Imodium) 2 mg2 mg tablet · 2–4 tablets/day (max 8 mg/day)
Must-Have

Anti-diarrhoeal — critical in crisis scenarios to prevent dehydration. Do NOT use if blood in stool or high fever (indicates serious bacterial infection). Always combine with ORS.

Cetirizine (Antihistamine) 10 mg10 mg tablet · 1–2 tablets/day
Must-Have

Second-generation non-drowsy antihistamine for allergies insect stings hives. Safe for prolonged use. Keep at least 2× your calculated supply as allergy exposure is unpredictable in field conditions.

Aspirin 75–300 mg1 tablet · 1 tablet/day or stat dose in cardiac emergency
Situational

Primarily for cardiac emergency first response (chew 300 mg immediately if MI suspected). Daily 75–100 mg for adults with known cardiac risk. DO NOT give to anyone under 12 years old (Reye syndrome).

⛔ Never give to children under 12

Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)1 sachet per 1 L water · 2 sachets/day (or as needed)
Must-Have

WHO-formula ORS is superior to plain water for rehydration. Critical companion to Loperamide. Stock generously — cheap light and no expiry issues if kept dry. Essential for any vomiting/diarrhoea scenario.

Pediatric OTC Stockpile — under 12 years (weight-based dosing)

Critical Safety Rules for Children

  • NO ASPIRIN under 12 years — risk of Reye syndrome (potentially fatal)
  • NO LOPERAMIDE under 6 years — risk of serious bowel side effects
  • NO IBUPROFEN under 6 months of age
  • Always dose by weight (kg) not by age
  • Use oral dosing syringes — never household spoons
Paracetamol (Weight-Based)10–15 mg/kg per dose · Max 5 doses/day — see Table A
Must-Have

Available as suspension (120 mg/5ml or 250 mg/5ml) or suppositories. The most important fever and pain medication for children. Always use an oral syringe for accurate measurement.

Ibuprofen (Weight-Based)5–10 mg/kg per dose · Max 4 doses/day — only for >6 months — see Table A
Must-Have

Anti-inflammatory and fever reducer. More effective than Paracetamol for high fevers and inflammatory pain. Do not use in children under 6 months or with chickenpox.

Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)50–100 mL/kg over 4 hours · See Table A for volumes by weight
Must-Have

Give slowly by spoon or syringe if the child is vomiting. If Ondansetron is available give it first and wait 15–30 min before attempting ORS. Never give plain water as the sole rehydration fluid in severe dehydration.

Pediatric Dosage Reference Tables

Таблиця A — Поширені ліки за вагою

ВагаПарацетамол (мг)Ібупрофен (мг)Об'єм ОРС (4 год)
5 kg60–75 mg25–50 mg250–500 ml
10 kg120–150 mg50–100 mg500–1,000 ml
20 kg240–300 mg100–200 mg1,000–2,000 ml
30 kg360–450 mg150–300 mg1,500–3,000 ml
40 kg+500 mg (1 tab)200–400 mg (1 tab)As tolerated

Таблиця B — Ондансетрон (Зофран) від блювоти

Зачекайте 15-30 хвилин після прийому ондансетрону.
Weight (kg)Дозування (мг)Частота
8 kg – 15 kg2 mgКожні 8 годин
15 kg – 30 kg4 mgКожні 8 годин
Over 30 kg8 mgКожні 8 годин

Персональні хронічні та рецептурні ліки

Якщо хтось із вашої групи приймає рецептурні ліки від хронічних захворювань, це пріоритетні позиції для створення запасів.

AllergyВажка алергія / анафілаксія — два автоін'єктори.
AsthmaАстма — запасні інгалятори.
HeartЗдоров'я серця — антикоагулянти, бета-блокатори тощо.
HypertensionГіпертонія — ризик під час стресу.
InsulinДіабет — інсулін потребує холоду.
LevothyroxineГіпотиреоз — пропуск доз викликає когнітивні порушення.

🛡️ Beyond Medication: The Advanced First Aid Kit (IFAK)

While having a detailed list of medications covers internal issues physical trauma requires immediate mechanical intervention. In a survival or emergency scenario your ability to stop a hemorrhage or stabilize a fracture is what keeps a patient alive long enough for those medications to do their work.

An Advanced First Aid Kit (often called an IFAK or Trauma Kit) should be kept alongside your medical stockpile focusing on high-durability life-saving gear.

Essential Items for an Advanced Kit:

Emergency Bandage (Israeli Style)
An all-in-one pressure dressing that applies direct force to a wound.
Compressed Sterile Gauze (Packed Gauze)
Used for "wound packing" in areas where a tourniquet cannot be applied (such as the groin or armpit).
Heavy-Duty Nitrile Gloves
Essential biological protection for the responder.
Mylar Emergency Blanket
Vital for preventing shock and hypothermia which occur rapidly after significant blood loss.
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
To ensure an open airway in an unconscious patient.
Trauma Shears (Blunt-Tipped)
To quickly remove clothing and expose injuries without cutting the victim's skin.
High-Adhesion Cloth Tape (Duct or Silk Tape)
For securing improvised splints or dressings in damp conditions.
Certified Tourniquet (CAT or SOFTT-W)
The single most important tool for stopping critical arterial bleeding in limbs.
💡 Pro-Tip:
"Gear without training is just dead weight."
I encourage you to take a "Stop The Bleed" or Wilderness First Aid course. Knowing how to apply a tourniquet or pack a wound is just as vital as owning the equipment.

Strategic Survival Principles

Documentation
Keep a laminated card in the kit: each person's medications doses allergies blood types and weight (critical for pediatric dosing).
Rehydration
Wait 15–30 minutes after giving Ondansetron before attempting fluids. Sip ORS slowly. Never give plain water as the sole fluid in severe dehydration.
Rotation
Inspect stock every 12 months. Solid tablets often remain potent well past expiry dates. Liquid syrups and suspensions do not — replace on schedule.
Rule of Three
Pack 3× the Ibuprofen you expect to need. High-stress scenarios dramatically increase musculoskeletal injuries headaches and inflammatory pain.
Security
Assign one responsible "medic" in the group to control medication access. Keep Tramadol and other controlled substances locked separately.
Storage
Store in airtight light-blocking containers. Heat and humidity are the primary enemies of shelf-life. Keep below 25°C.
Syringes
Always pack 5ml/10ml oral dosing syringes. Never use household spoons — they are wildly inaccurate (±40%) for pediatric dosing.

Medical Reference Guides

Нагадування: Цей вміст призначений лише для освітніх цілей. Завжди консультуйтеся з лікарем.